With the increase of import channels and technological progress, the price of cherries has significantly decreased, making consumers exclaim that cherry freedom has been achieved. At the same time, the saying 'eating 5 cherries can lead to hydrogen cyanide poisoning' has also spread online, making people worry whether they can still enjoy eating cherries happily? The latest issue of the "Science" rumor list has been released, taking you to learn the truth together! The monthly "science" rumor list is jointly released by the Beijing Association of Science and Technology, the Beijing Municipal Committee Cyberspace Office and the Capital Internet Association, and the Beijing Association of Science and Technology Journalists and Editors, and the Beijing regional website platform. Rumor of sustainable use of oseltamivir to prevent influenza: The truth is that oseltamivir has always been considered a "miracle drug" for fighting influenza, so some people believe that continuous use of oseltamivir can prevent influenza. However, this statement is not rigorous enough. Oseltamivir is a commonly used anti influenza drug that mainly inhibits the release of the virus from infected cells and reduces virus spread. Taking oseltamivir when suffering from influenza usually does not result in drug resistance, but improper indication control can lead to excessive and unreasonable use of the drug, as well as drug durability. Oseltamivir can be used to prevent the occurrence of influenza, usually within 48 hours of contact with influenza patients, once a day for a week, and the dosage should be adjusted according to the user's kidney function. Once discontinued, the preventive effect will no longer be sustained. And the entire flu season will last for several months, during which each of us may become close contacts of the flu. It is obviously unrealistic and unreliable to have everyone take oseltamivir every day to prevent the flu. Therefore, it is not recommended to use long-term medication to prevent influenza. In addition, oseltamivir is a drug targeting influenza virus and is ineffective against non influenza virus infections. In general, long-term use of oseltamivir to prevent influenza is not necessary, as long-term use of the drug may also bring more medication safety risks. For example, nausea, vomiting, and changes in mental state are all possible adverse reactions of oseltamivir and should be paid special attention to. There are many good ways to prevent influenza, such as getting vaccinated before the flu season every year to activate the body's immune system's resistance to influenza, which is a more effective way to reduce the risk of severe influenza. In addition, actively strengthening physical exercise, wearing masks in densely populated areas, and maintaining healthy and hygienic habits of frequent hand washing and ventilation are also important protective measures that can effectively reduce the spread and infection of viruses. Rumor that antihypertensive drugs need to be changed frequently to avoid drug resistance. Truth: Some people believe that antihypertensive drugs need to be changed frequently, as taking the same medication all the time can lead to drug resistance in the body. This is a misconception, in fact, there is no need to frequently replace antihypertensive drugs. The purpose of choosing antihypertensive drugs is to control blood pressure within an appropriate range, avoid damage to target organs, and protect the body. During the process of taking antihypertensive medication, if this effect can be achieved, there is no need to frequently change medication to avoid the so-called side effects of the medication. Drug side effects can be observed through monitoring, for example, some drugs may cause ankle swelling, and some drugs may affect the indicator of creatinine in the blood, all of which can be detected. If no side effects are found after monitoring, there is no need for frequent dressing changes. Of course, dressing can be changed in certain specific situations. For example, some drugs can not only reduce blood pressure, but also reduce urinary protein, which is beneficial to the condition control of patients with diabetes or heart failure. At this time, medication can be adjusted according to the doctor's advice. But for patients themselves, if the medication they are currently taking feels good, has no side effects, and their blood pressure meets the standard, there is no need to frequently change medication to avoid the so-called side effects, otherwise it is not conducive to stable blood pressure control. Rumor: Eating too many cherries can lead to poisoning. Truth: It is rumored online that eating 5 cherries can cause hydrogen cyanide poisoning, so cherries should not be eaten too much. Cherries do contain cyanide, but it is negligible and cannot reach the toxic level when eaten normally. More importantly, toxic substances are mostly in the fruit pits, which most people cannot bite open or eat. Cyanide refers to compounds with a cyanide group, whose structure consists of a carbon atom and a nitrogen atom connected by a triple bond. Cyanide can inhibit cellular respiration and is therefore harmful to humans and animals. There are three types of cyanide with strong toxicity: sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide, and hydrocyanic acid. Cyanides in plants usually exist in the form of cyanogenic glycosides. Many Rosaceae plants contain cyanogenic glycosides in their seeds, such as peaches, cherries, apricots, plums, etc. However, the flesh of these fruits does not contain cyanide glycosides. Moreover, cyanogenic glycosides themselves are non-toxic. However, when the structure of plant cells is disrupted, β - glucosidase in plants containing cyanogenic glycosides can hydrolyze cyanogenic glycosides to produce toxic hydrogen cyanide, which can cause acute poisoning in humans. So, how much cyanide is in cherry pits? The cyanide glycoside in each gram of cherry kernel, converted to hydrogen cyanide, is only about a few tens of micrograms, which is a few hundred times that of bitter almonds. Moreover, people generally do not intentionally eat cherry kernels, so it is very rare for cherry kernels to cause poisoning. The toxic dose caused by hydrogen cyanide in humans is about 2 milligrams per kilogram of body weight. The online claim that poisoning occurs after eating 5 cherry kernels is actually very unrealistic. A cherry kernel weighs only a few grams, which is at most less than a few milligrams when converted to hydrogen cyanide. It can be seen that even if there are cyanide glycosides in cherry pits, they are very rare, and the cyanide glycosides ingested may not necessarily all turn into hydrogen cyanide, making the possibility of human poisoning very small. Rumor: Charging and using a phone at the same time can cause an explosion. Truth: There is a rumor circulating on the internet that a phone cannot be used while charging, otherwise it will cause an explosion. This statement is not correct. Charging and using a mobile phone at the same time usually does not cause an explosion, but may increase the risk in certain special circumstances. Modern smartphones generally have comprehensive security mechanisms, including overheating protection and current regulation functions, which can ensure charging safety under normal circumstances. During the charging process, the battery itself generates a certain amount of heat, and using high-power applications such as games or video calls can further heat up the phone. If the heat dissipation conditions are poor, such as covering the phone or placing it in a high temperature environment, it may cause the battery temperature to be too high, which in extreme cases can lead to uncontrolled heat generation, and even smoke or fire. In addition, inferior chargers or batteries may output unstable currents, increasing the risk of short circuits, which is one of the main causes of mobile phone explosions. Proper operation and use of legitimate accessories can greatly reduce risks and ensure the safe operation of mobile phones. For safety reasons, it is recommended to use original or standard chargers to avoid running high load applications for long periods of time during charging. When charging, make sure the phone is in a well ventilated environment and do not cover or press the device. When the phone shows obvious abnormal heating, it should be immediately stopped charging and checked. Rumor that velvet underwear is toxic: The reason for the emergence of the "velvet underwear is toxic theory" is that some people believe that velvet underwear is made by bonding the inner layer of fluff with the outer layer of fabric, and the adhesive used is toxic, which can cause harm to the human body when in contact with the skin. Actually, these claims have no basis. The main material of velvet underwear is often a combination of natural fibers and synthetic fibers. Among them, the fluff part is mostly synthetic fibers such as polyester and acrylic, while the fabric part is made of synthetic fibers and natural fibers such as cotton, wool, and cashmere. Regardless of the type of fiber, as long as it meets national standards, it will not pose any harm to human health and can be used in underwear processing. In clothing production, adhesives are not uncommon, and the most common is polyurethane hot melt adhesive, abbreviated as "TPU" or "PUR". The characteristics of this type of hot melt adhesive are good bonding strength, soft and elastic material, heat and water resistance, no decomposition of formaldehyde, and compliance with safety standards. It should be reminded that consumers should pay attention to avoiding wearing velvet products that use "oil glue". Polyurethane hot melt adhesives are relatively expensive, and some businesses use organic solvents to dissolve the adhesive and bond the fabric in order to reduce costs. Although this oil glue composite fabric does not contain formaldehyde, there is a problem of residual volatile organic solvents. However, these types of products are easy to distinguish because volatile organic solvents have an odor. Consumers can smell the product when making a purchase. If they find a pungent odor, they should not make a purchase. Rumor has it that there are black spots on Chinese cabbage that cannot be eaten. The truth is that some Chinese cabbage may have small black spots that cannot be washed off, and it is circulating online that these types of cabbage are not edible. Actually, it's not like that. Generally speaking, the small black spots on the petiole are just not attractive and have little impact on the nutrition and taste of cabbage. But if the leaves have black spots caused by spoilage and mold, they are not suitable for consumption. The small black spots on cabbage that cannot be washed off are a physiological disease called "sesame like spot disease on cabbage". Its formation is related to the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied, and the more nitrogen fertilizer applied, the greater the likelihood of small black spots appearing. During the growth period of Chinese cabbage, excessive nitrogen fertilizer can cause changes or even damage to normal structures such as cell walls and membranes, affecting the normal development of its cells. Black substances appear at twisted and deformed cell walls, forming small black spots. Small black spots are mainly concentrated on the epidermal cells of the petiole of Chinese cabbage, and some may also occur on the mesophyll cells, making Chinese cabbage look mottled and lose its appearance. In addition, the formation of these small black spots is also related to the variety of Chinese cabbage. Chinese cabbage with a short growth cycle has relatively mild symptoms of small black spots. The common Chinese cabbage has leaves wrapped layer by layer, eventually forming a compact leaf ball with a long growth cycle. The rumor is that eating non salty food has low salt content. The truth is: Don't think that eating non salty food has low salt content. Some foods may contain high sodium even if they are not salty, such as chicken essence, soy sauce, Fermented bean curd and other condiments, and processed foods such as plum, potato chips, sliced bread, dried noodles, sports drinks, etc. The latest version of the "Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents" suggests that residents should limit their salt intake to less than 5 grams per day. However, there are very few people who can truly achieve a low salt diet, and one important reason is that hidden sodium is easily overlooked. It is recommended that everyone pay attention to the ingredient list and nutrient composition table when purchasing packaged food, and try not to buy or buy less high sodium foods (sodium content>600 milligrams/100 grams). At the same time, pay attention to not drinking soup when eating Spicy Hot Pot, Luosifen and instant noodles, and eat less candied fruit. Rumor: Elderly people with high blood lipids cannot eat eggs. Truth: Due to concerns about high cholesterol, some elderly people exclude eggs from their menu because eating them will make their blood lipids even higher. Actually, this is a misconception. The commonly referred to high blood lipids refer to elevated cholesterol or triglycerides. The main reason for controlling blood lipids is that excessive cholesterol intake may cause atherosclerosis, vascular blockage and other problems. In the nutritional composition of eggs, the egg white and yolk are different, with cholesterol being the main component in the yolk and protein being the main component in the egg white. For elderly people with high blood lipids, if they are concerned about the impact of diet on blood lipids, they can choose to only eat egg whites and not egg yolks. This can ensure protein intake without causing overall nutritional deficiencies. In fact, cholesterol is an important component of cell walls, such as the metabolism of brain cells, which also require cholesterol to provide nutritional support. Low cholesterol levels can affect cognitive function and memory. The human body is an organic whole, we cannot only focus on one and ignore the other. (New Society)