The National Health Commission and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine recently organized multidisciplinary experts, combined with domestic and foreign research progress and diagnosis and treatment experience, to release the diagnosis and treatment plan for measles and the newly revised diagnosis and treatment plan for dengue fever and human avian influenza on July 29th. The three diagnosis and treatment plans introduce the clinical manifestations, complications, differential diagnosis, prevention, etc. of related infectious diseases. Firstly, let's take a look at the diagnosis and treatment plan for measles. The "Diagnosis and Treatment Plan for Measles (2024 Edition)" introduces that measles is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the measles virus, mainly manifested as fever, runny nose, cough, tears, photophobia, and papules. A small number of complications may occur, such as pneumonia, pharyngitis, otitis media, myocarditis, encephalitis, etc. Severe cases can lead to death. Measles is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets and aerosols. Contact with objects contaminated with viruses can also cause infection. The population is generally susceptible to measles, with a latent period of 7-21 days, usually 10-14 days. Measles is mainly treated with symptomatic supportive therapy, and there are no effective antiviral drugs available. The prevention of measles first requires managing the source of infection. Patients should be isolated for 5 days after the rash appears, and patients with respiratory complications should be extended for 10 days after the rash appears. The main measure to prevent measles is vaccination against measles. For close contacts without a history of measles vaccination, getting vaccinated as early as possible (preferably within 72 hours) after exposure can provide immune protection or alleviate the condition. Dengue Fever Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (2024 Edition): Dengue fever is mainly transmitted through mosquito bites. The newly revised Dengue Fever Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (2024 Edition) introduces that in recent years, the local transmission of dengue fever caused by imports in China has shown an expanding trend, with a tendency to spread from southern subtropical regions to central and northern temperate regions. Dengue fever is caused by the dengue virus and is mainly transmitted through mosquito bites. The main transmission vectors in China are Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti. The population is generally susceptible, and some people may develop symptoms after infection. The clinical features include sudden fever, systemic pain, rash, bleeding, and leukopenia. In severe cases, shock and organ failure may occur, and even death may occur. Dengue fever is widely prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide where Aedes mosquitoes are distributed, affecting over 100 countries and regions worldwide. Although our country has not yet formed a stable local transmission source of dengue fever, imported cases can be seen all year round. Dengue fever is highly prevalent in summer and autumn, and can occur in people of all ages, mainly in young adults. The treatment principle of dengue fever is early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment. Early identification and timely treatment of severe cases are key to reducing mortality rates. There is currently no effective antiviral treatment for dengue fever. The case should undergo mosquito isolation treatment. If the disease course exceeds 5 days and the body temperature naturally drops to normal for more than 24 hours, the isolation can be lifted. The dengue fever vaccine that has not yet been launched in China is mainly prevented by measures such as mosquito control and cutting off transmission routes. The "Diagnosis and Treatment Plan for Human Infection with Avian Influenza (2024 Edition)" states that human infection with avian influenza can occur throughout the year, with more occurrences in winter and spring. The newly revised "Diagnosis and Treatment Plan for Human Infection with Avian Influenza (2024 Edition)" introduces that there are cases of human infection with avian influenza worldwide every year, and human infection with avian influenza can occur throughout the year, with more occurrences in winter and spring. Human infection with avian influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by certain subtypes of avian influenza virus infecting humans. The main sources of infection are diseased, dead birds, and healthy birds carrying avian influenza virus, as well as mammals such as pigs and cows carrying avian influenza virus. Humans or other animals infected with avian influenza virus are also possible sources of infection. The transmission routes include respiratory transmission and contact transmission. The clinical manifestations of human infection with avian influenza vary depending on the different subtypes of avian influenza virus. Severe cases progress rapidly and often develop pneumonia within 5-7 days of onset. Mild cases may present with symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection, such as nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, cough, or only conjunctivitis. The preventive measures for human infection with avian influenza include: avoiding contact with sick or dead animals, including wild birds, and taking personal protective measures and hand hygiene when in contact with animals or their environment; Maintain good eating habits, separate raw and cooked meat, and consume raw meat after cooking; Do not purchase live poultry, encourage the purchase of cold or chilled poultry that have been centrally slaughtered and processed. If there are discomfort symptoms such as fever, seek medical attention as soon as possible and inform the attending doctor whether there is a history of contact with poultry or whether they have been to a live poultry market before the onset of the illness. (New Society)