Since the launch of a new round of healthcare system reform in our country, healthcare reform has brought tangible health benefits to over 1.4 billion people. Enabling grassroots people to seek medical attention and take good care of their illnesses nearby is a necessary answer for China's deepening healthcare reform. To solve the global challenge of providing accessible and high-quality medical services for billions of people, reform is a necessary option. And no reform measure can be a one-time deal. It must be based on the degree of reform progress, changes in internal and external situations, comply with practical requirements, highlight problem orientation, and continuously improve the timeliness and effectiveness of reform from the perspective of reality. On July 23rd, the new plan for the reform of medical insurance payment methods - the 2.0 version grouping scheme based on disease group and disease score payment was announced. Starting from 2025, all coordinated regions will uniformly use the new version of grouping implementation. The new plan is more refined, covers more comprehensively, and is more in line with clinical practice. This is another improvement in the reform of medical insurance payment methods, following the reform of the diversified and compound medical insurance payment method in 2019, which mainly focuses on paying by disease. The medical insurance fund is the "life-saving money" for the public to seek medical treatment, and it is also an important source of funding for medical services and pharmaceutical products. The payment method of medical insurance is an important tool to improve the efficiency of medical insurance fund utilization, regulate the allocation of medical resources, and stimulate the behavior of medical institutions. The purpose of reforming medical insurance payment methods is to guide upstream medical behavior through payment tools and provide assistance to the development of downstream health industries. Through this reform, a responsibility sharing mechanism of "total budget, surplus retention, and reasonable overspending sharing" has been established, thus breaking the traditional medical insurance fund payment method of determining the scope and reimbursement ratio of drugs, consumables, and medical service projects first, and then directly paying the medical insurance reimbursement portion to medical institutions, avoiding problems such as rapid growth of medical expenses, repeated prohibition of "excessive medical treatment", and insufficient reflection of the labor value of medical personnel. Through the reform of medical insurance payment methods, the coordinated governance of medical insurance, healthcare, and pharmaceuticals can be achieved, implementing the same treatment and price for the same disease, effectively reducing the burden of medical treatment on the public. In 2019, the reform of the diversified and composite medical insurance payment method, mainly based on payment by disease, began. The focus of the reform is to shift from the previous practice of "project based payment" to "disease based payment" for medical institutions in the medical insurance fund. In other words, it means transforming the previous practice of "paying for the treatment process" into "paying for the treatment results", and having a dialogue between medical insurance and healthcare providers on how many diseases to treat and how difficult they are to treat, so that medical services can be quantified and compared. By the end of 2023, over 90% of China's coordinated regions have implemented reforms in the payment methods for disease groups/categories. However, with the deepening of payment method reform, some local medical insurance departments, medical institutions, and medical personnel have reflected that the current grouping is not precise enough and not close enough to clinical practice, and hope that the country can dynamically adjust the grouping. The relevant parties have organized experts to study and formulate the 2.0 version of the disease group payment grouping scheme and the 2.0 version of the disease category score payment disease database, focusing on optimizing and improving 13 disciplines such as critical care medicine, as well as joint surgery and composite surgery issues. The grouping method has been upgraded, the clinical demonstration method has been optimized, and corresponding diseases have been added based on actual data. This is an upgrade to the previous reform plan, fully demonstrating the pragmatic reform methodology. Since the launch of a new round of medical and health system reform in our country, medical reform has brought tangible health benefits to over 1.4 billion people: the world's largest basic medical security network covers both urban and rural areas, and residents' main health indicators rank among the top in middle and high-income countries... Enabling grassroots people to seek medical attention and take good care of their illnesses nearby is a necessary answer for China's deepening medical reform. To solve the global challenge of providing accessible and high-quality medical services for billions of people, reform is a necessary option. And no reform measure can be a one-time deal. It must be based on the degree of reform progress, changes in internal and external situations, comply with practical requirements, highlight problem orientation, and continuously improve the timeliness and effectiveness of reform from the perspective of reality. Social development has no end, and reform cannot be achieved once and for all. This is the logic of historical development and also the logic of reform. Looking back at the 40 year history of China's reform and opening up, a basic conclusion can be drawn that planning reforms with problems at the center and using reform methods to solve development problems are the fundamental experiences for the success of China's reform. Reform is like "curing a disease and prescribing a cure", and "diagnosing the disease" is a prerequisite. Whether the reform methods are scientific and whether the reform measures are effective depends on whether the key points of the problem are grasped, whether the pulse is accurately identified and the prescription is targeted, and also depends on whether the combination is adjusted in a timely manner according to the situation. This is true for the reform of the medical and health system, as well as for reforms in other fields. The Third Plenum of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China outlined a new vision for further comprehensive and deepening reforms, including the reform of the medical and health system. On the new journey, only by seeking truth and pragmatically responding to new situations and solving new problems can various reforms truly achieve practical results. In this sense, the introduction of the new medical insurance payment scheme is not only a practical measure to increase the public's sense of health gain, but also a methodological inspiration for winning the "relay race" of reform. (New Society)