This year's Government Work Report proposes to increase efforts to revitalize the seed industry and tackle key agricultural core technologies. Agricultural germplasm resources are strategic resources of the country and are related to the overall revitalization of the seed industry. The reporter recently learned that since March 2021, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has launched the largest agricultural germplasm resource census in the history of New China. Nearly 1.4 million people have been mobilized and organized nationwide to travel through mountains and rivers, enter villages and households. Currently, various census tasks have been completed, and more than 530000 new germplasm resources have been collected. "The quantity and regional distribution of agricultural germplasm resources have always been in dynamic changes," said Sun Haoqin, a first level inspector of the Seed Industry Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China, China has organized two national surveys on crop and livestock germplasm resources, which have been more than 30 years and more than 10 years respectively. Experts say that conducting a nationwide survey of agricultural germplasm resources under the new situation is of great significance for achieving self-reliance and self-reliance in seed industry technology, as well as independent and controllable seed sources. It is reported that this census covers the fields of crops, livestock and poultry, and aquatic products, and the survey of aquatic germplasm resources is still the first. The census comprehensively investigated the types, quantities, distribution, characteristics, and changes of resources in recent decades, achieving a thorough investigation. This laid the foundation for future protection and utilization work and the formulation of relevant policies, and solidified the resource foundation for ensuring national food security and breeding innovation. At the same time, the census has collected and discovered a batch of resources, which have provided rescue and protection for a group of precious, rare, and endangered resources. ——In terms of crops, 139000 new crop germplasm resources have been collected, and the number of long-term preserved resources in the national database has increased by 370 compared to before the census, with an increase of 21.4%. Covering eight major categories including grain, cotton, oil, sugar, fruits, vegetables, tea, and mulberry, the vast majority are unique types of agricultural and soil varieties, as well as some precious wild relatives. ——In terms of livestock and poultry, 51 new germplasm resources with potential utilization value have been discovered and identified, and 1.07 million copies of various genetic materials have been collected and produced. ——In terms of aquaculture, we have identified the biological characteristics of 312 key aquaculture species and collected and produced over 120000 genetic materials. "Some of these newly collected germplasm resources have significant industrial development prospects, some contain excellent genes, and some have obvious regional characteristics." Li Lihui, Deputy Director and Researcher of the Third National Crop Germplasm Resources Census Office, introduced. For example, the strong waterlogging resistant white maya corn found in Shiyan, Hubei Province, and the highest altitude Gamba highland barley found in Shigatse, Xizang are all good materials to enrich "rice bags" and cultivate new varieties of stress resistance; The wild yellow flesh peach discovered in Aba, Sichuan and the white flower wild soybean discovered in Longjing, Jilin are very rare and of great significance for studying the origin and evolution of crops. One of the key areas of this census is the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, which has implemented rescue protection for 746 endangered crop germplasm resources through synchronous protection. Census personnel have newly discovered and identified 25 breeds, including Pamir yaks and Doma sheep, all of which are unique resources adapted to extreme climate conditions on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. "Many valuable livestock breeds are distributed in remote villages." Head of Xizang Autonomous Region Animal Husbandry Workstation