Someone has made a special example of this: "watching" maritime military exercises. Traditional warships are equivalent to looking at other people's homes through their own glass, while electronic reconnaissance ships are equivalent to looking at people's windows with their heads against them and listening. Others compare the electronic reconnaissance ship to an "information sponge" moving on the sea, especially the electronic reconnaissance ship with complete facilities and advanced equipment, which can even "catch all" the electromagnetic signals of a certain frequency band from the sky, land, water and underwater. These peacetime detected electromagnetic signals and data can play a vital role in wartime after analysis, comparison and accumulation. This is why the electronic reconnaissance ship is called "the most powerful ship in peacetime". According to public data, since 2021, the use frequency of electronic reconnaissance ships in the United States, Russia, France and other countries has increased. In some military hot spots and sensitive sea areas, reconnaissance and anti reconnaissance, monitoring and anti monitoring... Electronic reconnaissance ships frequently appear and disappear, playing an increasingly important role. So, what kind of "ship" is the electronic reconnaissance ship? What is its past history and development trend? Please read the interpretation—— The appearance is "dull and cute", and you can see six ways Some carry several huge hemispherical radomes on their backs, some carry an integrated radome with a strange shape on their shoulders, some simply do not have an radome and directly support the tree antenna of the ship everywhere... When it comes to electronic reconnaissance ships, people have different impressions in their hearts. Since it came out, it seems that there is no final conclusion on the selection of hull platform. Cargo ships, warships and oil tankers can be refitted. Its advancement depends on the performance of various equipment and facilities on board to a greater extent. It also seems to be "not too particular" about the size, fat and thin of its body. Large electronic reconnaissance ships, such as the Ural electronic reconnaissance ship built by the Soviet Union, have a full load displacement of more than 30000 tons, while small ones have only a few hundred tons. Although the appearance has a strong sense of science and technology, and some even call it "cute", its role often surprises the opponent - many naval ships will immediately turn into radio silence as soon as they see the opponent's electronic reconnaissance ship. Different electronic reconnaissance ships have many differences, but in general, its functions generally include the following aspects. First, collect electromagnetic signals and data of weapons and equipment of other countries, including radar signals and communication signals used for detection and monitoring; Second, detect the launch of ballistic missiles from other countries; Third, it is used to detect and monitor underwater targets, and measure and collect the meteorological, hydrological and geological conditions of possible operational sea areas. The analysis and processing of these electromagnetic signals and data will help to find the weaknesses and weaknesses of the opponent. In wartime, they can give their opponents a targeted fatal blow. This is the reason why electronic reconnaissance ships are often "taken care of" by their opponents. During the cold war, the United States has been haunted by the Ural electronic reconnaissance ship. In the 1990s, taking advantage of the economic and political crisis in the Soviet Union, the United States spent hundreds of thousands of dollars to buy a Soviet Navy soldier, let him use smoking to cause a fire, and finally set the Ural electronic reconnaissance ship on fire. So why is the electronic reconnaissance ship so "super capable"? The mystery lies in its shipborne equipment. Some people compare these devices to well-made "wide-angle mirrors", which can have a panoramic view of all kinds of information on the sea. For the electronic reconnaissance ship, in addition to visual reconnaissance and optical reconnaissance, its ability mainly comes from six reconnaissance ways. "All the way" comes from radar reconnaissance. That is, ship borne radar equipment is used to actively transmit electromagnetic waves to detect the target, so as to obtain the information of target orientation, distance, height, speed and so on. It has the advantages of long operating range, large reconnaissance range and fast sensing speed, but it also has short board, such as being vulnerable to electronic interference. The "second route" comes from electronic reconnaissance. That is, use electronic reconnaissance equipment to obtain the electronic signal of the radiation source, and master the working system, frequency, pulse width, repetition frequency, power, etc. of the other party's electronic equipment through analysis. Its advantage is that passive reconnaissance has good concealment, but most of it can only be used when the other party's radiation source is turned on, and it is also easy to be deceived by false information sources. The "three routes" come from radio technology reconnaissance. That is, special radio technology reconnaissance equipment is used to obtain target intelligence information by means of interception, interception and direction finding. This reconnaissance means can listen to a wide range, obtain a large and timely amount of intelligence, can conduct continuous reconnaissance all day, and is relatively hidden. "Four routes" comes from infrared remote sensing reconnaissance. That is, according to the infrared intensity and wavelength difference between the reconnaissance target and the background radiation, the infrared remote sensing device is used to convert the difference into images and data, so as to extract useful intelligence information. "Five routes" comes from low light level night vision reconnaissance. Amplify the weak night sky light reflected by the object, so that people can detect the target in dark conditions. This kind of reconnaissance is mainly realized by using low light level night vision instrument and low light level TV. It has high concealment, but the action distance is short, and it is highly dependent on natural lighting conditions and weather. "Six routes" comes from underwater acoustic reconnaissance. The basic principle is to capture and receive underwater acoustic signals and convert them into electrical signals to detect underwater targets and seabed landform. It is mainly through the use of active and passive sonar and underwater acoustic reconnaissance instrument. Spread a big net in the global ocean With the increase and strength of space satellites and air reconnaissance aircraft, why do countries still frequently let electronic reconnaissance ships "come out"? The reason is actually very simple. Whether satellites or reconnaissance aircraft, their detection of targets is mostly "swept by", which is obviously "too hasty". However, electronic reconnaissance ships can not only move on the oceans covering more than 70% of the earth's surface, with a wide detection range, but also stare at the targets they find "without blinking an eye". Especially for the detection ability of underwater targets, the advantage is more obvious. Specifically, it has the following advantages: Large platform space and strong carrying capacity. Compared with the load capacity of fighters and satellites, the electronic reconnaissance ship has larger tonnage and space, and can erect more reconnaissance equipment and cover more detection objects. It can reconnaissance multiple signals at the same time to judge the deployment and intention of the other party's forces. The Russian Navy inherited a considerable part of the Soviet Navy's reconnaissance ships, including 18280, 1826, 864, etc. Among them, the 1826 balzam reconnaissance ship has a full load displacement of 4500 tons. Although it is not as large as Ural, it is obviously more than the reconnaissance and surveillance equipment carried by some fighters. The US Navy has a large number of electronic reconnaissance ships and a detailed division of labor. Because of the large hull space, its electronic reconnaissance ship can not only carry various types of listening equipment, but also some ships, such as the bodic oceanographic survey ship, have intelligence analysis experts who can conduct on-site analysis of various data. Complete equipment and more comprehensive reconnaissance. Since Japan used small electronic reconnaissance ships for the first time in 1904 in order to master the trend of the Russian army, the world's major military powers have begun to develop their own electronic reconnaissance ships. With the development of technology, electronic reconnaissance equipment has more and more types and stronger performance, and can cover more and more target types. It has been expanded from the initial communication reconnaissance and monitoring to the detection of signals in various frequency bands. In 2006, the French Navy received the new intelligence reconnaissance ship dipie de Lome. Compared with the previous Bougainville electronic reconnaissance ship, dipie de Lome is equipped with a complete set of electromagnetic reconnaissance system. Its antenna array can collect various electronic and radar signals and complete complex direction finding and listening tasks. At the same time, it also has relatively perfect information processing equipment and satellite communication equipment, so that the ship can always keep in touch with the headquarters. The advanced digital receiver and pulse analysis equipment equipped on board can collect broadband instantaneous frequency and have the ability of channel electronic intelligence interception. In addition to electromagnetic signal detection equipment, laser communication terminal, anti-jamming equipment and supporting signal analysis equipment, the German Navy Oster class electronic reconnaissance ship is also equipped with passive sonar to listen to underwater acoustic signals and provide information support for anti submarine. Large activity range and long monitoring time. The electronic reconnaissance ship can conduct long-term reconnaissance on the target in the designated sea area or port shore, or track and monitor the specific target for a long time, so as to ensure the acquisition of consistent data of the target. Beyond the coverage of shore based information system, it can effectively make up for the lack of information support ability of ship formation in ocean operations. When carrying out missions, electronic reconnaissance ships generally do not show their true faces. They often appear in disguise, or disguise as marine research ships, or disguise as fishing boats and commercial ships, so as to make it easier to sail at sea for a long time. These electronic reconnaissance ships have been paid more and more attention to and have a long survival time. Accelerate the development of future battlefield At present, the main military countries are increasingly competing at sea. This determines that the electronic reconnaissance ship, like other main battle ships, can really win development opportunities only by constantly benchmarking the future battlefield. Overall, the development of electronic reconnaissance ship is reflected in two aspects: improving the efficiency of platform and the performance of shipborne equipment. Compared with other traditional warships, the vast majority of electronic reconnaissance ship platforms in various countries have room for improvement in mobility and self-defense. As some electronic reconnaissance ships may provide real-time services in wartime, making up for the shortcomings of these platforms will probably become the choice of the navies of some countries. In terms of improving the performance of shipborne equipment, electronic reconnaissance ships may develop in the following aspects in the future. It is developing towards full-time, broadband spectrum reconnaissance, direction finding and "fingerprint" identification reconnaissance. On the one hand, the electronic reconnaissance ship is using computers to realize the rapid interception, automatic processing, intelligent identification and classification of all frequency band signals, and strive to realize the continuous and comprehensive control of the surrounding electromagnetic environment; On the other hand, the navies of some countries are analyzing and identifying the transient characteristics, spectral characteristics and statistical characteristics of the obtained signals to establish the "fingerprint" feature database of emitter signals, so as to serve the wartime more efficiently. Develop towards integrated and comprehensive reconnaissance. For the electronic reconnaissance ship, its positioning determines that it mainly "works" in peacetime, but the high-level demand for perceptual ability in future operations increases the probability of it sailing to the battlefield synchronously. This change will make some of its configurations take into account wartime applications at the same time. The characteristics of providing real-time services in the battlefield will make it have to comply with the trend of integration of perception systems. Because only by further integrating into the integrated reconnaissance system and realizing information sharing, can it survive on the battlefield and give full play to its role. This means that the future electronic reconnaissance ship should not only realize the integration of electronic reconnaissance functions such as radar reconnaissance, communication reconnaissance, photoelectric reconnaissance and underwater acoustic reconnaissance, but also realize the integration with other platforms in the system, so as to simplify the operation steps and procedures and speed up the response speed. Develop towards unmanned equipment shipborne platform. Unmanned equipment, especially unmanned aircraft, has been widely used in battlefield reconnaissance, and is increasingly developing in the direction of miniaturization, autonomy, stealth and all-weather. It has the characteristics of flexibility, not easy to be found and low cost. The future electronic reconnaissance ship will be inevitable