The Turpan Basin has been hot and dry just after the summer. Early in the morning, the young members of the special investigation team for the fourth national cultural relics census in Karez were ready to go and drove to the Karez monitoring point in Gaochang District, Turpan City, Xinjiang, with the confirmation of drone power, RTK (Real time Dynamic Measurement Instrument), and collection terminals ready. This operation is based on field data collection, with a focus on conducting on-site investigations of the Karez wells recorded in the "Four Pu" archives, conducting dual verification of technical surveying and cultural investigation, and providing accurate basis for cultural relic protection. Karez in Xinjiang is mainly distributed in the Turpan Basin, Hami and Changji regions, with a total length of more than 5000 kilometers. As one of the hottest and arid areas in China, the climate conditions in Turpan Basin are not conducive to agricultural development. Karez wells draw groundwater through the ground slope, forming a special irrigation system suitable for extremely arid areas, nourishing the land of Turpan, and the "Huozhou Gobi" has become a "good oasis". Karez Well, along with the Great Wall and the Grand Canal, are known as the three major ancient Chinese engineering projects and are referred to as the 'Underground Great Wall'. ”Deputy Captain Osman Aliniaz introduced. During the census process, we encountered two challenges: on the one hand, such an important immovable cultural relic has a large quantity and scattered distribution, lacking unified data collection and organization standards; on the other hand, there is a lack of reference and comparison data, and it is almost impossible to find systematic records for comparison. "He emphasized that" this greatly increases the difficulty of the census work. "The special distribution of Karez wells causes census personnel to travel in a scattered manner, with different mapping standards, and it is difficult to record data consistently. Faced with the problem, the Turpan Cultural Relics Bureau has specially formed a team of 12 outstanding professional and technical talents to conduct research, with an average age of only 31 years old. Although Karez is an underground river, its shape is simple and more suitable for remote sensing technology to determine. ”Osman Aliniaz, who majored in remote sensing and geographic information systems, introduced that he has independently developed a set of "one click generation" drawing software for cultural relic floor plans and location maps using drone technology and Ovi interactive maps. The standardization of mapping has been unified, the efficiency of mapping has been improved, and the census work has ushered in technological innovation. At that time, there was no GPS and we had to rely on walking and compass. The Karez well hidden deep in the Gobi either had to be found by following the reeds or was missed. ”In the notebook of Mulati Naijimdin, the head of the Cultural Relics Department of the Culture, Sports, Radio, Television and Tourism Bureau in Gaochang District, Turpan City, the location and data of the Karez wells are recorded. "In the early days, it took three months to draw a distribution map of the Karez wells by hand, and by the time of the 'Three Pu', drawing experts were also needed. Now everyone has become a drawing expert." Currently, there are 1108 Karez wells in the Turpan area, with a total length of over 3200 kilometers of underground channels and an annual runoff of 114 million cubic meters. In September 2024, the Karez Well in Turpan, Xinjiang was successfully included in the 11th batch of the World Irrigation Heritage List, and the protection of the Karez Well once again became a focus of attention. However, relevant personnel found in field investigations that due to the deviation of oral data from elderly people, the available information is limited. At the same time, some of the Karez wells are in an abandoned state due to long-term blockage and flow interruption. In addition, some people have weak awareness of protection and illegally backfill and level dry Karez wells in order to expand arable land, which is worrying about the current status of heritage preservation. The 'Four Pu' utilizes high-resolution remote sensing images and artificial intelligence modeling technology to preliminarily identify, measure, and mark all the vertical wells in the area. When the census team arrives at the scene, they can accurately locate the location information of the Karez well, record its all-round preservation status, and generate standardized floor plans and location maps, which will ultimately be uniformly entered into the national cultural relics census database. ”Xiang Xianbiao, who served as the district instructor in the "Four Pu" work, said, "A complete digital archive can more effectively protect the Karez well." This young team explored and demonstrated, forming a four step work method of "technology identification, field survey, cultural verification, and data integration", quickly locking in the archive and suspected distribution areas, greatly improving efficiency, providing strong guarantees for later calibration and verification, and ensuring accurate data coordinates are stored in the database. Using the knowledge learned to protect cultural relics can not only fully utilize technological means to make the 'Underground Great Wall' nowhere to hide, but also deeply explore the cultural and historical value behind the Karez Well, providing a solid basis for subsequent scientific protection and sustainable utilization. ”Osman Ailiniazi is full of confidence in his profession, "Recently, we are still trying to explore and record other cultural relics sites with a single form