The historical logic of the remarkable growth of the global South: written on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the Bandung Conference
2025-04-21
In the center of Bandung, Indonesia, a milky white European style building stands quietly. This building, which witnessed Dutch colonization and Japanese aggression, became the starting point for the unity and self-improvement of Asian and African countries 70 years ago. In April 1955, representatives from 29 Asian and African countries and regions held the first Asian African Conference here, and the Bandung Spirit of "unity, friendship, and cooperation" marked the awakening of the global South. Over the past 70 years, from breaking free from colonial shackles to seeking common development, and then to promoting changes in the international order, the global South has gradually embarked on an independent and united path of development. This is an outdoor shot of the Asia Africa Conference Memorial Museum in Bandung, Indonesia (taken on March 7, 2024). This place was once called the Independence Building and was the venue for the opening ceremony of the 1955 Asia Africa Conference. Xinhua News Agency reporter Xu Qin captured the wind blowing from the south and the tide surging across five continents. From the Bandung Conference, to the Non Aligned Movement and the Group of 77, and to today's continuously growing BRICS cooperation mechanism... The global South stands at the forefront of the times and is increasingly becoming a key force in maintaining international peace, driving world development, and improving global governance, profoundly changing the process of human historical development. Independence: Awakening the Consciousness of Breaking Free from Oppression and Exploitation. In November 2021, 26 cultural relics from the Keblonli Museum in Paris, France were packaged and prepared to be shipped to the West African country of Benin... This is the opening of the documentary "Dahomei", which won the Golden Bear Award for Best Picture at the 74th Berlin International Film Festival. More than 130 years ago, French colonizers plundered these cultural relics from the Behanzin Palace in the former Dahomey Kingdom of Benin and subsequently turned the country into their colony. On November 10, 2021, people participated in a celebration of the return of historical relics at the Presidential Palace in Cotonou, Benin. Since the 15th century, Western powers have invaded, expanded, and colonized the Asian, African, and Latin American regions through violent means. By the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the imperialist colonial system had almost covered the entire Asian and African region. Under centuries of Western colonial oppression, the vast southern countries lost their independence and autonomy, their resources and population were plundered, their cultural traditions were fragmented, their social structures were destroyed, and their people's lives were unbearable. After World War II, the strength of European powers suffered a heavy blow, and anti imperialist and anti colonial movements continued to rise in countries in the global South. In 1955, the Bandung Conference was held. At this international conference without the participation of Western colonial powers, the emerging Asian and African countries, under the banner of anti imperialism and anti colonialism, emphasized the maintenance of sovereignty and independence, and made a significant contribution to the history of contemporary international relations. The conference adopted the "Declaration on Promoting World Peace and Cooperation", which clearly put forward ten principles such as "respecting the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries" and "non-interference or non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries", becoming a platform for the independence and self-reliance of southern countries. The Bandung Conference greatly inspired the confidence of oppressed nations and peoples around the world to strive for and maintain national independence, pushing the struggle against imperialism and colonialism to a new stage. In 1960, then British Prime Minister Macmillan visited Africa. Faced with the surging waves of national liberation and independence, this Western politician witnessed firsthand the awakening of the African people's national consciousness and had to admit that "the wind of change has blown across this continent, whether we like it or not, the growth of national consciousness is a political fact". That year was known as the "Year of African Independence", and 17 countries in Africa, including Benin, broke free from colonial shackles. It was also in that year that the United Nations passed the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, sentencing colonialism to death. A large number of Asian and African countries have successively gained political independence, ending the colonial system established by Western colonizers for hundreds of years and greatly changing the long-standing unequal international order. The membership of the United Nations has grown rapidly, from 51 at its inception to 193 today. American historian Adom Getachu wrote in his book "The Construction of the World after Empires: The Rise and Fall of Self Determination" that decolonization completely changed the international order of the 20th century, and anti colonialists "not only wanted to reshape the country, but also the world". The common historical experience has painted the political background of the independence and self-reliance of the countries in the global South. The spirit of Bandung provides important guidance for their unity and cooperation. This is the starting station of the Tanzania Zambia Railway, Dar es Salaam Station, captured on January 16, 2024 in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. As a practitioner of the Bandung Spirit, China has always shared weal and woe with countries in the global South. In the 1970s, more than 50000 Chinese engineering and technical personnel traveled to Africa and worked hard to build the 1860 kilometer Tanzania Zambia Railway, effectively promoting the national independence and liberation of southern African countries; In 1958, Algeria, which was still striving for national independence, established a provisional government. China recognized it at the first time and provided firm moral and material support to Algeria; Prince Norodom Sihanouk's leadership of the Cambodian people in their struggle for national independence and liberation has received strong support from the Chinese government and people... These actions demonstrate China's firm support for the anti imperialist and anti colonial struggles of countries in the global South. return present for present. On October 25, 1971, with the strong support of Asian, African, and Latin American countries, the 26th United Nations General Assembly decided to restore the legitimate seat of New China in the United Nations. At the moment the resolution was passed, representatives from Asian, African, and Latin American countries cheered loudly and hugged each other in celebration at the venue. Former Algerian diplomat Nuruddin Judi recalled, "This is a victory of justice! Our friendship stems from a common experience of striving for independence, sovereignty, and dignity. The two countries share similar ideals, help each other, and have deep roots in friendship. Sovereign independence and national liberation laid the political foundation for the development and revitalization of developing countries, greatly inspiring the enthusiasm of the people to devote themselves to the construction of their own countries. Since the founding of New China in 1949, the Chinese people, freed from the oppression of foreign invaders, have made a great leap from standing up, becoming rich to becoming strong through self-reliance and hard work. The successful experience of China's development shows that independence and self-reliance are the cornerstone of a nation standing tall among the nations of the world. Southern countries are fully capable of breaking away from their dependence on Western countries, managing their own affairs, developing their national economy, and controlling their own destiny. United Self Strengthening: The Southern Alliance for Global Development In the 1980s, the Independent Commission on International Development, chaired by former Federal German Chancellor Brandt, released the report "North and South: A Platform for Survival". This report is based on per capita gross domestic product and roughly divides the world into two parts on the map with markings. To the north of the line is the 'prosperous north', while to the south is the 'poor south'. This' Brandt Line 'reveals the marginalized position of countries in the global South in the international economy, becoming a symbol of global development imbalance. For a long time, in the global economic landscape that presents a "center periphery" model, developing countries have played the role of suppliers of cheap raw materials and labor, and the power to allocate resources and formulate rules has been firmly held by a few developed Western countries. Establishing a more just and reasonable new international economic order has become a common demand of countries in the global South. This is the exterior of Bandung Railway Station in Indonesia (taken on March 6, 2024). The convening of the Bandung Conference, photographed by Xinhua News Agency reporter Xu Qin, has opened a new chapter in the history of developing countries' economic unity and self-improvement. The resolution on "Economic Cooperation" passed at the meeting proposed for the first time to "implement economic cooperation" in developing countries in Asia and Africa, and called for the establishment of a new international economic order. Starting from this, developing countries are striving to promote the international economic order towards a more open, inclusive, inclusive, and balanced direction through a dual approach of creation and innovation. In 1962, representatives from developing countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America held an economic development conference in Cairo, urging the international community to reform unfair trade rules as soon as possible. In 1964, the first United Nations Conference on Trade and Development was held, and during the preparation process, the Group of 77 was established, becoming a tangible embodiment of the global South's concept of unity and self-improvement. In 1967, the Group of 77 held its first ministerial meeting, proposing the concept of "least developed countries", clarifying the principle of "South South cooperation", calling for joint resistance to exploitation and plunder, and establishing a new international economic order. Economic cooperation between countries in the global South is also constantly deepening. Regional organizations such as the African Union, ASEAN, and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States continue to strengthen unity and cooperation; The "South South Technology Cooperation" mechanism under the United Nations framework has promoted experience sharing and technological innovation in fields such as agriculture, healthcare, and industry; The cooperation mechanism among BRICS countries is becoming increasingly mature; The African Continental Free Trade Zone has been officially established... Under the banner of South South cooperation, developing countries have outlined a new picture of win-win cooperation. In this new landscape, China's achievements are particularly remarkable. As the largest developing country in the world, China has created "two miracles" of rapid economic development and long-term social stability. Chinese path to modernization has broken the myth of "modernization=westernization" and encouraged countries in the South to explore a development path suitable for their own national conditions. The headquarters building of the New Development Bank of BRICS countries located in the Shanghai Pudong New Area Expo Park (photo taken on June 17, 2022). As a practitioner of the Bandung Spirit, China firmly defends the development rights of countries in the global South and continuously enriches the contemporary connotation of the Bandung Spirit. The establishment of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank initiated by China has opened up a new channel for infrastructure financing in southern countries; The New Development Bank, jointly established by the BRICS countries, has injected financial vitality into the economic development of emerging economies and developing countries such as BRICS; Jointly build the "the Belt and Road", build an interconnected network, and create more development opportunities for the co built country... The technical and financial support provided by China is becoming an important support for the development of the global South. Today, the global South accounts for over 40% of the total global economy and contributes 80% to world economic growth. The once "stock frontier" of the world economy has transformed into the most dynamic "incremental hub". People are no longer discussing 'rich in the north and poor in the south', but 'southern awakening' and 'southern rise'. However, structural inequality still exists in key issues such as international trade, financial system, and intellectual property protection, making it difficult to safeguard the development rights of countries in the global South. Faced with numerous challenges on the road to rise, countries in the global South have jointly issued a strong voice against unilateralism, protectionism, and trade bullying, and worked together to promote inclusive economic globalization. As Gao Dawei, the initiator of the China Europe America Global Initiative, said, "Economic disparities, the impact of neo colonialism, and power imbalances in global governance still exist. In the efforts of countries in the global South to play a greater role in world affairs, the Bandung Spirit has always existed." Remarkably Strong: A Key Force for Changing the International Order 70 years ago, representatives from 29 Asian and African countries and regions knocked on the door to international political democratization with the Final Communique of the Asian African Conference. The historic achievement of the Bandung Conference - advocating the Bandung Spirit of "unity, friendship, and cooperation" - not only established a spiritual bond among southern countries, but also shook the Western dominated international order. We see the rise of southern countries, and the global South has become one of the most powerful forces shaping global economic vitality. At the Boao Forum for Asia 2025 Annual Conference held in March this year, "Global South" was repeatedly mentioned. International observers are becoming increasingly aware that the world
Edit:Lin Bodan Responsible editor:Li Yi
Source:XinHuaNet
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