Heavy ion bombardment with a speed of 70% of the speed of light has treated thousands of cancer patients; Only neurons the size of rice grains, differentiated from stem cells, have been artificially cultured; The domestically produced high-capacity nucleic acid synthesizer can synthesize over 30 grams of high-quality nucleic acid at once, which is already a "huge scale" for nucleic acid production in nanograms... the fastest, smallest, and most productive. At the exhibition launched during this year's Zhongguancun Forum, in addition to the dazzling technology of robots, various "latest" achievements that break through the limits in the field of life sciences were also showcased. Taking neuroscience as an example, it is considered the "ultimate frontier" of scientific research and one of the most difficult fields to conquer in life sciences. At the Zhongguancun Forum, the numerous' forbidden areas' in the field of neuroscience are being 'unsealed'. Studying life requires new analytical and observational tools. If we rely on purchasing cutting-edge equipment to conduct research, we will be using equipment that others have been using for many years, and scientists will find it difficult to achieve original scientific results At the Medical AI Innovation and Development Forum held on March 29, Cheng Heping, an academician of the CAS Member and director of the National Biomedical Imaging Science Center of Peking University, brought the research progress and application results of the independently developed two-photon microscope, which is only 2.2g and can run with mice. He stated that the two-photon microscope can image brain cells in real-time while animals are running, and has been installed in hundreds of units, helping Chinese teams achieve groundbreaking results in autism research, neural resilience research, and other fields. The disruptive ability of this brain science research 'weapon' to disrupt the paradigm of life science research has also been recognized by international peers, with authoritative research institutions such as Harvard University and the National Institutes of Health in the United States purchasing the equipment. Cheng Heping introduced that in terms of technological advancement, equipment such as three photon microscopes and multi-color imaging microscopes will be developed in the future, which can detect deeper "brains", achieve deep brain imaging, and mark different neurons with different colors. In terms of clinical application, cell endoscopy equipment will be developed to directly perform non-invasive and accurate diagnosis at the lesion site. To study the brain, it is necessary to investigate both functional structure and growth and development. There are various types of neurons, and understanding how they are produced is very important for diseases such as autism, "said Li Chong, a researcher at the Beijing Institute of Neuroscience and Brain like Research, to Science and Technology Daily reporters. The development of the human brain is unique, and animal models have limitations. Only the human brain model can reproduce the complexity and specificity of the human brain. The human brain is a highly differentiated and complex tissue, and it is very difficult to accurately guide stem cells to differentiate into brain like organs with specific brain regions. Li Chong's team has developed a 3D cultivation system for brain like organs, which can simulate the growth and development of the nervous system in vivo in vitro. Compared with 2D cultivation, 3D is closer to real brain development and can reproduce complex and dynamic processes. As one of the research achievements of Beijing Institute of Neuroscience and Brain like Research, the 3D human brain organoid culture technology induced by pluripotent stem cells was exhibited at the Zhongguancun Forum. It can be used for exploring aspects such as human brain function, brain disease mechanisms, and neural drug screening, but it can also be used for transplantation and treatment, "said Li Chong. For example, neurons in patients with degenerative diseases cannot regenerate on their own, and the pathway of obtaining neurons through in vitro differentiation of stem cells can help them supplement new healthy neurons. With multiple stem cell therapy products entering clinical trials worldwide, there is hope for the clinical implementation of related fields. In recent years, medical "heavy equipment" has benefited the people, and the national heavy equipment in the medical field has also made rapid progress. The medical heavy ion accelerator exhibited at the Zhongguancun Forum has been used for cancer treatment. In February of this year, the carbon ion therapy system, supported by domestically developed heavy ion accelerators, began operation at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital. This is the third system nationwide to provide treatment services. Through high-speed bombardment of carbon ion beams, radiation therapy can be efficiently and accurately performed on malignant solid tumors with minimal damage to normal tissues. This "heavy tool" transformed from the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences filled the gap of medical equipment in this field in China, and the cost of the device was only half of that of imports, which significantly reduced the treatment costs of patients. What makes patients feel deeply is the high growth of surgical benefits assisted by robots. "With the help of the navigation system, the surgical incision has been shortened from more than ten centimeters to one centimeter, so that doctors can accurately locate and reduce the damage to patients." Tang Peifu, an academician of the CAE Member and professor of the General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, said at the Medical AI Innovation and Development Forum that more importantly, it has reduced the learning curve of doctors. For example, pelvic fracture surgery, due to its high difficulty, used to be performed only by senior doctors, but now with the assistance of robots, young people can also perform precise operations. In addition, through Internet plus, robot surgery can be operated remotely, patients can also receive surgery in grass-roots hospitals, and high-quality medical resources can reach people's homes. (New Society)