On the 14th, it was learned from the State Administration for Market Regulation that the bureau has recently taken the lead in approving the establishment of a new national measurement standard for microwave brightness temperature internationally. This metrological benchmark is beneficial for solving the long-term problem of inability to directly trace and calibrate microwave brightness temperature parameters in fields such as radio astronomy and planetary exploration. It is reported that any object in the universe with a temperature above absolute zero will release microwave energy, and microwave brightness temperature is a quantitative representation of the microwave radiation intensity of an object. The accuracy of microwave brightness temperature determines the accuracy of inversion of multiple physical and chemical parameters in atmospheric, oceanic, terrestrial, and cosmic backgrounds. In the field of meteorology, weather can be predicted by monitoring atmospheric microwave brightness temperature; In the field of agriculture, the use of soil microwave brightness temperature can guide irrigation by controlling humidity; In the field of aerospace, satellites can infer surface composition and geological activity by detecting the microwave brightness temperature of planets; During disaster prevention and reduction, potential hazards such as landslides and collapses can be identified by observing the microwave brightness temperature of the target object. It is reported that the measurement standard operates in a vacuum environment ranging from minus 180 degrees Celsius to room temperature, equipped with precise temperature controlled ultra wideband and high emissivity radiators, which can generate weak radiation signals on the order of 10-12 watts, equivalent to one-third of the human body's own radiation intensity. This weak signal is accurately captured by a radiometer with an error of only 0.3%, just like capturing faint starlight several light-years away from the noisy background noise of the universe. It can accurately reproduce the microwave energy radiated by natural objects in environments such as land, atmosphere, and ocean. (New Society)