Socialism with Chinese characteristics is rooted in the fertile soil of Chinese civilization for over 5000 years. The Chinese nation has formed a complete set of national system, governance system, and value system since ancient times. The unified mainstream ideology, inclusive cultural concepts, and pursuit of ideal politics are all profound foundations of this value system. Building a unified mainstream ideological system: The Chinese nation attaches great importance to the construction of mainstream ideology and emphasizes the coordination of a unified mainstream ideology with institutional and governance systems, effectively maintaining the long-term continuity of Chinese civilization. The mainstream ideology centered on Confucianism has distinct characteristics: firstly, it emphasizes the inheritance of history. The pre Qin ritual and music civilization still held an important position in the mainstream ideology since the Qin and Han dynasties, and was an important aspect of the mainstream ideology since then. The compilation of ritual and music chronicles throughout history proves this point. The ideas of "governance" and the concept of "governing the way" in the pre Qin period were respected after the Qin and Han dynasties. The ideas of "Great Harmony" and "Well off Society" in the governance of pre Qin countries were still the ideal social form advocated by Confucianism after the Qin and Han dynasties. The ideas of people-oriented, rule of virtue, rule of law, view of the world, and view of nature from the pre Qin period were also inherited and developed in the mainstream ideology after the Qin and Han dynasties. Secondly, pay attention to keeping up with the times. At different stages of social development, mainstream ideology will also adjust. From the study of Confucian classics in the Han Dynasty, the metaphysics of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the equal emphasis on Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, to the cleaning up of learning in the Song, Yuan, and Ming Dynasties, new characteristics have emerged with social changes, embracing, absorbing, and transforming all beneficial ideological and cultural content into mainstream thinking. Legalist thought has never ceased. Therefore, although Confucianism has been the core ideology throughout history, other beneficial ideas for national governance have not been completely excluded. Thirdly, attach importance to the combination with political practice. The traditional mainstream ideology in China emphasizes the close integration with the system and governance, and implements the values reflected in the mainstream ideology in the formulation of standards for selecting and appointing talents, as well as specific measures for national governance. Select and assess officials according to the ideological requirements of mainstream ideology, formulate national development goals and specific measures, so that mainstream ideology does not become empty slogans, but is unified with the entire political practice. Fourthly, attach importance to integrating with society. The traditional mainstream ideology in China is mainly composed of Confucianism, which includes basic values such as benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, trustworthiness, and the theory of destiny, which are in line with the characteristics of ancient Chinese agricultural society linked by kinship and kinship. The Buddhist and Taoist ideas he absorbed, such as abandoning evil and promoting good, and the ideal world, have similarities with the spiritual aspirations of the oppressed and exploited lower class people. The state also focuses on supporting positive folk beliefs as a supplement to mainstream ideology. Advocating an inclusive cultural concept system, Chinese ideological culture is a rich accumulation of the long history of the Chinese nation and a precious crystallization of more than 5000 years of civilization. After thousands of years of development and evolution, it has formed a cultural concept value system that is people-oriented, harmonious in diversity, and inclusive. Guided by the core concepts of unity between heaven and man, people-oriented approach, and harmony in diversity, traditional Chinese culture has prominent characteristics of coexistence of diverse cultures, coexistence of official and folk beliefs, and skillful integration of foreign cultures. Based on the diverse and integrated pattern of the Chinese nation, Chinese civilization has also formed political characteristics and cultural traditions of diversity and integration. Through the continuous development of prehistoric times, Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties, a diverse and integrated pattern has initially taken shape. The political practice of the unification of the Qin and Han dynasties promoted cultural unity. After Emperor Wu of Han, Confucianism became the mainstay of traditional Chinese culture, but other cultures such as Taoism and Legalism still existed. With the introduction and dissemination of Buddhism, traditional Chinese culture has become characterized by the integration of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism, ultimately forming a diverse and integrated feature that deeply influences the spiritual world of the Chinese nation. In the vast geographical space of China in history, dozens of ethnic cultures coexisted for a long time in different periods and environments, presenting a colorful and unique cultural landscape and spiritual stream of Chinese culture. Chinese traditional culture is a perfect fusion of diversity and unity, reflecting the vastness, richness, and diversity of Chinese civilization. Chinese culture has always had a tradition of embracing diversity. The vitality and potential for development of a cultural system depend on its openness and inclusiveness. Since Chinese culture is diverse and integrated, it indicates that it has the ability and broad mindedness to absorb foreign cultures. Since the Han and Tang dynasties, there has been rich cultural exchange between China and foreign countries not only in religious culture, but also in technological culture and material culture. Chinese culture has absorbed foreign nutrients, and the characteristics of the convergence of diverse civilizations are becoming increasingly rich, while also demonstrating the confidence and inclusive spirit of Chinese local culture. The concept of "harmony in diversity" and the practice of "integration and communication" have shaped the broad and profound characteristics of traditional Chinese culture. For folk beliefs, Chinese culture also embodies the characteristic of inclusiveness. As an integral part of culture, folk beliefs mostly have an unofficial nature and differ from official religious rituals in terms of the objects of belief, the purposes of belief, and the rituals of belief. Of course, folk beliefs and official religious rituals are not completely opposed, and the two can often blend and influence each other. If some government officials perform official religious rituals in government activities, while in daily life they may worship folk beliefs; Meanwhile, some official religious ceremonies are formed on the basis of folk beliefs. Folk beliefs also have diversity and compatibility characteristics. Ancient Chinese folk beliefs, on the one hand, were controlled by imperial power and exhibited secularized characteristics of obeying and serving imperial power. They became another important spiritual and cultural tool for feudal emperors to educate the people and consolidate their rule, in addition to Confucian classics and orthodox etiquette; On the other hand, folk beliefs serve as a link between regional cultural identity, ethnic cultural identity, and historical cultural identity, playing a positive role in easing local social conflicts, maintaining local social order, and coordinating the relationship between villagers and nature. Traditional countries focus on supporting positive folk beliefs, such as Mazu belief, and elevate them to the national level, supplementing the needs of national governance. The governance ideology system of pursuing ideal politics has been formed in Chinese culture since the pre Qin period. This ideology is mainly reflected in the pursuit of lofty goals in the establishment of fundamental principles and value orientation of national governance. The Book of Documents, Hong Fan, first proposed the governance concept of "Yi Lun You Xu", emphasizing that the design of governance systems should follow common sense and be implemented smoothly. This ideology played a positive role in promoting the emergence of people-oriented ideas such as "people-oriented" and "rule of virtue" in the early Zhou Dynasty. The vigorous rise of the people-oriented ideology in the Spring and Autumn Period should be related to the influence of the governance philosophy of "Yi Lun You Xu". Exploring the relationship between "politics" and "governance" was already common during the Spring and Autumn period. "Governance" was a concept that opposed "chaos", and the ideal "governance" was "governance" rather than "chaos". How to achieve 'politics'? Each of the various schools of thought put forward unique insights, but people-oriented, rule of law, ethical governance, fairness, and justice are their fundamental spirits. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, in the exploration of concepts such as "politics" and "governance", there was also an exploration of "governing the way". The concept of "governing the country" refers to the fundamental principles that rulers need to follow in national governance, which is in line with the ideological connotation of "Yi Lun You Xu" in the early Zhou Dynasty. 'Governance' is the guiding ideology of national governance. Pursuing, selecting, establishing, and following the appropriate 'governance', and governing the country under the guidance of the 'governance' ideology, is the fundamental aspect of national governance. The high degree of unity between the means of governance and the spirit of governance is a prominent feature of Chinese governance. The value pursuit of China's traditional national governance ideology is also prominently reflected in the emphasis on handling the relationship between the orthodox and the political orthodox. Ancestor of Yao and Shun, Charter of Literature and Martial Arts. Confucianism, which began with Confucius, emphasizes the continuity and inheritance of ideas. Taoism is the process of inheriting values centered on Confucianism, and Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, and Zhou are ideal political models revered by Confucianism. The Taoist tradition emphasizes adhering to the ideal of self-cultivation, family harmony, governance, and peace of the world, taking benevolence, righteousness, loyalty, and trustworthiness as the principles of standing, and the doctrine of the mean as the method of dealing with things. The Confucian view of Taoism holds that "Dao" is the fundamental order of all things in the universe and the highest realm of human pursuit, and is an ideal goal that politicians and scholars should tirelessly pursue. The aspiration of scholars towards the Tao "is the requirement of Confucian scholars for life. Commending the Six Classics "is to combine the" Dao "reflected in Confucian classics with practical politics for politicians. Dynasties can change, specific systems can change, but 'Dao' cannot change. Political unification or governance unification refers to the continuity and inheritance of political traditions. Unlike the tradition of pursuing cultural and moral preservation, the political tradition emphasizes the continuity and inheritance of political systems. In Chinese history, there have been ethnic differences, differences in size, regional divisions, and disputes over legitimacy among various dynasties, but most of them have not deviated from the trajectory of "political unification". The political system of the Three Generations of Holy Kings is an ideal political goal actively pursued by later generations, and the unified centralization since the Qin and Han dynasties is a widely recognized political form in later dynasties. The Dao Tong leads the political Tong. The Taoist tradition centered on Confucian culture not only embodies the relentless pursuit of ideal politics, but also successfully shapes the common blood, cultural, political, and historical identities of various historical periods. The Twenty Four Histories reflect that Yan and Huang are ancestors revered by the vast majority of ethnic groups, and whether they are ruling the Central Plains or ruling a corner of the country, Confucian culture is highly respected. During the Qin and Han dynasties, especially during the Sui and Tang dynasties, both Han Chinese and minority ethnic regimes consciously recognized and inherited the political system that has been passed down in Chinese history, acknowledging and respecting its historical traditions. The establishment and continuation of the historical system of the previous dynasty is to demonstrate through practical actions the rationality and legitimacy of inheriting the previous dynasty in the chain of dynastic changes throughout history. The political tradition inherits the moral tradition. In order for successive regimes to find their own position in the political system, they must first recognize themselves as the inheritors of the orthodoxy. Therefore, in this political and cultural environment, scholars throughout history have actively yearned for and pursued the political, academic, and life values of the Three Generations of Holy Kings. They have placed themselves at the center of the historical stage of the inheritance of political and Taoist traditions, constantly enhancing their sense of subjectivity, and taking on the responsibility of criticizing, maintaining, constructing, and correcting political traditions with great political, cultural, and mission sense. Their goal is to build a political tradition that is unified with Taoist traditions. The Taoist tradition shapes the political tradition, and the political tradition inherits the Taoist tradition. The interaction between the two creates a common national governance value system that has existed for thousands of years. Based on a common historical and cultural identity, it is closely integrated into a unified multi-ethnic country as a whole, forming a huge spiritual and cultural tradition. Since the pre Qin period, Chinese culture has been inherited in an orderly manner, widely accepted and diverse, profound and extensive, and has migrated with the times. It not only complements the system of institutions and governance, but also gathers many eternal values with Chinese characteristics. Author: Bu Xianqun (member of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and researcher at the Institute of Ancient History)