Recently, the results of the 12th sampling survey on the scientific literacy of Chinese citizens were announced. In 2022, the proportion of Chinese citizens possessing scientific literacy reached 12.93%, an increase of 2.37 percentage points from 10.56% in 2020. This lays a solid foundation for achieving the 2025 goal of "the proportion of Chinese citizens possessing scientific literacy exceeds 15%" proposed in the "Outline of the Action Plan for National Scientific Literacy (2021-2035)". On the new journey of comprehensively building a socialist modernized country, improving the scientific literacy of citizens can demonstrate multiple supporting and safeguarding roles. Improve citizens' scientific quality and provide scientific and technological support for the development of Chinese path to modernization. Science and technology are the foundation of a country's prosperity, innovation is the soul of national progress, and achieving self-reliance and self-improvement in high-level science and technology is the key to Chinese path to modernization. Science and technology competition is ultimately a competition for talents. Improving citizens' scientific literacy helps to cultivate a team of scientific and technological talents with both morality and talent, reasonable structure, and excellent quality. It also helps to form a favorable situation where innovative talents emerge in large numbers, providing an inexhaustible source and driving force for independent innovation. In July this year, "Popularization of science is an important fundamental work to achieve innovative development. I hope you will continue to carry forward the glorious tradition of serving the country through science, encourage more scientific and technological workers to support and participate in the cause of science popularization, stimulate young people's interest in advocating science and exploring the unknown in high-quality and rich content and popular forms, promote the improvement of the scientific quality of the whole people, and constantly make new contributions to achieving self-reliance in high-level science and technology and promoting Chinese path to modernization Facing the future, building an innovative country must have a higher level of citizen scientific literacy as the foundation and supporting conditions. We need to expand the scale of the talent team by improving citizen scientific literacy, and cultivate a large number of scientific and technological talents covering basic and applied research, as well as covering multiple disciplines and fields. Improve citizens' scientific quality and provide population support for the development of Chinese path to modernization. According to the seventh national census data, the population of China reached 14117.8 billion in 2020, accounting for approximately 18% of the global population. Modernization with a huge population is a prominent feature of Chinese path to modernization, and it is also the most difficult modernization. Data shows that since the new century, the scientific literacy of Chinese citizens has continuously improved, increasing from 3.27% in 2010 to 6.20% in 2015, 8.47% in 2018, 10.56% in 2020, and 12.93% in 2022. The population dividend of a country depends not only on the total amount but also on the quality, as well as the population and talent. The continuous improvement of citizens' scientific literacy helps to expand the dividend of population quality, enhance the level of human capital and the comprehensive development ability of individuals, accelerate the transformation of population dividend to talent dividend, and