As the winter and Spring Festival holidays approach, large-scale population movements and gatherings may accelerate the risk of respiratory disease transmission. What is the current epidemic situation of respiratory pathogens such as seasonal influenza in China? How can the public do a good job in prevention and control? How to strengthen the allocation of medical resources? The National Health Commission held a press conference on the 14th to respond to public concerns. The proportion of influenza B virus continues to rise. "Seasonal influenza includes subtypes A H1N1, A H3N2, and influenza B." According to Wang Dayan, Director of the National Influenza Center at the Institute of Virology of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, monitoring data shows that the proportion of influenza B virus in southern provinces of China has continued to rise to 36.8% in the past three weeks, and in northern provinces it has continued to rise to 57.7% in the past five weeks. In some provinces, the proportion of influenza B virus has exceeded that of influenza A. Some members of the public are concerned about whether patients who have been infected with H1N1 may still be infected with H1N1. Regarding this, Wang Dayan stated that the immune response produced after contracting H1N1 cannot provide effective immune protection against H1N1. Even if you have had the H1N1 flu during this epidemic season, there is still a possibility of contracting the H1N1 flu again. At present, influenza vaccines include subtypes A H1N1, A H3N2, and B influenza components. It is recommended that high-risk individuals receive influenza vaccines as soon as possible. The monitoring data also showed that the national COVID-19 epidemic was still at a low level after the New Year holiday. Among them, the positive rate of COVID-19 detection in sentinel hospitals remained below 1%, and the proportion of COVID-19 JN.1 variants showed an upward trend. Experts believe that in the near future, China will continue to show the trend of alternate or common prevalence of multiple respiratory diseases, the epidemic situation of COVID-19 infection may rise this month, and COVID-19 JN. 1 mutant strain will develop into a dominant epidemic strain in China with a high probability. Pathogen diagnosis is very important, and targeted treatment is required. Wang Guiqiang, director of the Infectious Diseases Department of Peking University First Hospital, said that after the public was infected with influenza virus, COVID-19 and other pathogens, the established immunity was not lasting, and repeated infection might occur, and there was no cross immunity between these pathogens, and different pathogens could be infected simultaneously or alternately. This can easily lead to damage to the upper respiratory mucosal barrier and secondary bacterial infections. Experts suggest that if symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection occur, timely pathogen diagnosis should be carried out, and targeted treatment should be given after a clear diagnosis. Targeted treatment can effectively shorten the course of the disease, reduce the risk of further transmission, and lower the risk of hospitalization and severe illness. Liu Qingquan, the director of Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, stated that maintaining good qi is the key to preventing recurrent respiratory symptoms. Regular sleep is crucial for patients to improve their positive energy during their illness or recovery process. Maintain a light and nutritious diet, avoid greasy, spicy, and stimulating foods, and pay attention to keeping warm and warm. At the same time, do not use medication or seek medical attention indiscriminately. Respiratory infections can easily induce or worsen cardiovascular diseases in the elderly population. Experts remind that patients with cardiovascular diseases who develop respiratory infections should actively seek treatment. For patients over 65 years old with a history of coronary heart disease, chronic heart rate failure, and other illnesses, they should not tolerate cold like symptoms and seek medical attention as soon as possible. Strengthening the allocation of medical resources and optimizing the medical treatment process by the National Health Commission