The 37th Session of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress voted to pass the Yellow River Protection Law on the 30th. This law will come into force on April 1, 2023. The Yellow River Protection Law includes 11 chapters, including general principles, planning and control, ecological protection and restoration, water resources conservation and intensive utilization, water and sediment regulation and flood control safety, pollution prevention and control, promotion of high-quality development, inheritance and promotion of Yellow River cultural protection, guarantee and supervision, legal responsibility and supplementary provisions, totaling 122 articles. In order to strengthen the ecological environment protection of the Yellow River basin, ensure the safety of the Yellow River, promote the conservation and intensive use of water resources, promote high-quality development, protect, inherit and carry forward the Yellow River culture, realize the harmonious coexistence of man and nature, and the sustainable development of the Chinese nation, the Yellow River Protection Law is formulated. The formulation and implementation of this law provides a strong guarantee for promoting the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin on the track of the rule of law. Fragile ecological environment is the biggest problem in the yellow river basin. The law clearly states that the state should strengthen ecological protection and restoration of the Yellow River basin, adhere to integrated protection and restoration, and implement systematic governance focusing on natural restoration and combining natural restoration with artificial restoration; The state strengthens the comprehensive, systematic and source control of environmental pollution in the Yellow River basin, and promotes the comprehensive improvement of the environment of key rivers and lakes. The shortage of water resources is the biggest contradiction in the Yellow River basin. The law emphasizes that the state should strengthen the measures of agricultural water conservation and efficiency enhancement, industrial water conservation and emission reduction, and urban water conservation and loss reduction in the Yellow River basin, effectively realize the conservation and intensive use of water resources, and promote the construction of a water-saving society. In the utilization of water resources in the Yellow River basin, priority should be given to water conservation, overall consideration should be given, intensive use should be made, and careful calculation should be made. The state allocates the water volume of the Yellow River in a unified way. The state implements unified regulation of water resources in the Yellow River basin, follows the principles of total volume control, section flow control, hierarchical management, and hierarchical responsibility, and makes dynamic adjustments according to water regime changes. Flood is the greatest threat to the Yellow River basin. According to the law, the state makes overall plans for the construction of the flood control system of the main and tributaries of the Yellow River, strengthens the coordination of flood control systems in and between river basins, promotes the linkage of flood control, drought relief and ice cream prevention in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, and builds a scientific and efficient comprehensive flood control and disaster reduction system. We will organize the construction of a system of water and sediment regulation and flood control and disaster reduction projects in the Yellow River basin, improve the mechanism of water and sediment regulation and flood and ice control, and ensure the safety of flood control. Inadequate high-quality development is the biggest weakness of the Yellow River basin. The law proposes that to promote the high-quality development of the Yellow River basin, we should adhere to the new development concept, accelerate the green transformation of the development mode, and optimize and adjust the layout of regional economy and productivity on the premise of ecological protection. In addition, the law also proposes to strengthen the protection, inheritance and promotion of the Yellow River culture. Formulate and implement the plan for the protection, inheritance and promotion of the Yellow River culture, and promote the construction of the Yellow River cultural system. (Liu Xinshe)