The health of a city is related to everyone living in it. The "Tsinghua City Health Index 2023" report, jointly developed by the Vanke School of Public Health and Health at Tsinghua University, the China Institute of New Urbanization at Tsinghua University, and the China Institute of Health at Tsinghua University, was recently released. The report shows that the health level of cities in China has steadily improved, especially in the tail cities. Among them, Shanghai, Beijing, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Shenzhen, Xiamen, Chengdu, and Fuzhou rank among the top eight cities in China in terms of health level. The health level of small and medium-sized cities is improving faster than that of large cities. Since its launch in 2020, the "Tsinghua City Health Index" has been providing a "health portrait" of Chinese cities for four consecutive years. The basis of "portrait" is six evaluation sections: health services, health industry, health behavior, health facilities, health environment, and health utility, with 17 specific evaluation fields and 39 evaluation projects. Overall, the national urban health index has shown a steady upward trend in the past four years, "said Li Dong, senior research specialist at the China Institute of New Urbanization at Tsinghua University. From 2020 to 2023, the national urban health index was 59.61, 60.50, 61.41, and 62.70, respectively, increasing every year. Among them, in 2023, there was an increase of 1.29 points compared to the previous year, with an increase of 2.1%, which is greater than in previous years. Out of the 296 participating cities, 249 have seen an increase in their health index. According to the permanent population in the urban area, 296 participating cities are divided into large city groups and small and medium-sized city groups. The report shows that over the past four years, the health level of the big city group has increased by 1.53% annually. The growth rate of health level in small and medium-sized city groups is faster, with an average annual growth rate of 1.65% over the past four years. From the perspective of index level classification, the number of leading and high-quality cities has increased by 3 and 24 compared to the previous year, while the number of development and catch-up cities ranked lower has decreased. "Li Dong said that based on the results of urban health index scores, they divided the participating cities into five levels, from high to low, namely leading, high-quality, average, development, and catch-up. The report shows that there are significant regional differences in the health level of cities across the country, with a healthy environment that is superior in the south and low in the north, and a health utility that is higher in the east and lower in the west. There has been a significant increase in leading and high-quality cities in the eastern region. The central region has significantly improved, with a decrease in the number of catch-up cities. From the perspective of urban agglomerations, significant progress has been made in the central and southern regions of Liaoning and the Shandong Peninsula, with the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and the central and southern urban agglomerations of Liaoning ranking high in terms of health level. The Yangtze River Delta is mainly reflected in its good health utility, while the Pearl River Delta has excellent health environment dimensions. The central and southern regions of Liaoning Province are more prominent in terms of health facilities. It is worth noting that the regional pattern characteristics of the healthy environment and health utility are relatively obvious, with the healthy environment showing a regional pattern of "superior in the south and low in the north" and the health utility showing a regional pattern of "high in the east and low in the west". The main indicator of spatial differences in a healthy environment is air pollution prevention and control, especially the days of heavy air pollution, with relatively prominent problems in the north. The health effect is mainly reflected in the indicators of residents' physical fitness qualification rate, with the eastern region being higher than the western region, "Li Dong explained. From the city