Author: Pan Helin (co-director and researcher of the Digital Economy and Financial Innovation Research Center of the International Business School of Zhejiang University, and member of the Information and Communication Economy Expert Committee of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, on the afternoon of January 31, carried out the second collective study on accelerating the construction of a new development pattern. We will improve the new nationwide system, strengthen the national strategic scientific and technological forces, optimize the allocation of innovative resources, and make China a global leader in important scientific and technological fields, a pioneer in frontier and cross-cutting fields, and strive to become a major scientific center and innovation highland in the world as soon as possible. To achieve self-reliance in science and technology, we should give full play to the advantages of the new nationwide system. The new country-wide system is an advantageous system based on giving full play to the market economy and the government concentrating its efforts to do great things. It is an important embodiment of the advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics. The new country-wide system can more widely mobilize, organize and coordinate various resources in society, internalize transaction costs, promote the organic combination of resources, and form a benign synergy between the main bodies. The reform of the scientific and technological system is an important prerequisite for giving better play to the advantages of the new nationwide system. The country-wide system can better optimize the allocation of resources and concentrate on major events. In this process, how to mobilize resources more widely, organize resources more appropriately and coordinate resources more scientifically requires a good scientific and technological system to play its role. In the reform of science and technology system, the top priority is to promote the transformation of government functions from project approval to innovative services. This means that we should dare to do "subtraction", be good at doing "subtraction", change the thinking from focusing on process and procedure to focusing on strategy, planning and service, and reduce the direct intervention and early approval of scientific and technological projects. We should strengthen the active guidance and incubation of projects, give more autonomy to scientific and technological subjects, including the determination of technological routes, the use of funds, the implementation and application of projects, and fully stimulate the vitality of innovation, so that scientific and technological achievements can emerge from the ground. In the real sense, the self-reliance of science and technology is to achieve a greater proportion of original innovation. Original innovation is a full-cycle process, which needs to create a good foundation and conditions for original innovation through the reform of the scientific and technological system. To be specific, first of all, we should promote the reform of the educational system, establish a set of institutional mechanisms to promote and strengthen basic research, promote theoretical innovation from the source, and promote the emergence of scientific research achievements close to the needs of the country and society. Secondly, we should establish a mechanism for efficient transformation of scientific research achievements, strengthen the construction of provincial and municipal co-construction, school-enterprise co-construction, and industry-university-research channel integration. Good channels are needed between scientific research achievements, scientific and technological achievements, and practical applications. In this process, the government, universities, scientific research institutions, and business entities can use the system to achieve full cooperation and promote the common use of resources and technology sharing. Thirdly, through the establishment of a set of efficient management mechanism for scientific research financial funds, financial funds can be put into practice, produce actual results, truly benefit scientific research subjects, and mobilize scientific research enthusiasm. The reform of the scientific and technological system should be based on giving full play to the role of the national system,