The reporter learned from the Zijinshan Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences on the 5th that the observatory, together with the Paris Thackeray University Center of the French Council for Alternative Energy and Atomic Energy, and the Keveli Institute of Cosmopology and Mathematics of the University of Tokyo, Japan, based on large samples of submillimeter wave observation data, for the first time found conclusive evidence that the early cosmic starburst galaxy center directly formed in situ nuclear spheres through intense star formation activities, which opened a new understanding of the process of cosmic galaxy formation. The research results were published online on the same day in the international academic journal Nature. Tan Qinghua, the first author and corresponding author of the paper and an associate researcher at the Zijinshan Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that most galaxies have a star dense region - the nuclear sphere. Previous theoretical studies have speculated that the nuclear sphere structure of galaxies is likely formed through galaxy mergers, but verifying these theories through observations still faces challenges. In this study, researchers accurately measured the dust continuum radiation distribution characteristics of a group of early cosmic massive starburst galaxies with very bright submillimeter wave radiation based on high spatial resolution and sensitivity data obtained from the Atacama Large Millimeter Wave/submillimeter Wave Interferometer Array Radio Telescope. The redshift of these galaxies can be traced back to the "Cosmic Noon" era, which is about 8 to 12 billion years ago. At that time, most galaxies were undergoing large-scale star formation activity. The research team found through statistical analysis that the sub millimeter wave radiation of most sample galaxies is very compact, and their brightness distribution deviates significantly from the typical distribution of light intensity in disk galaxies. This indicates that the core regions of these galaxies are likely to have formed structures similar to nuclear spheres Tan Qinghua said that further research by the team has found that most galaxies have a three-axis elliptical shape, rather than the traditional flat disk structure, and there is a trend of increasing size with the increasing activity of star formation inside the galaxy. This means that in early cosmic starburst galaxies, extremely active star formation activity may lead to rapid accumulation of stellar mass in the central region of the galaxy, thereby promoting the formation of in situ nuclear sphere structures. The research team used cosmic fluid dynamics simulations to discover that the intense star formation activity triggered by the accretion and flow of cold gas and galaxy interactions commonly present in the early universe is likely the main reason for the direct formation of these galaxy nucleus sphere structures in situ. This study provides important observational evidence for exploring the formation and evolution of nuclear sphere structures in early cosmic starburst galaxies, and also brings new insights into the formation mechanism of giant elliptical galaxies in the current universe Talking about Tsinghua University. (New Society)