China

The overall formation of a unified national territorial spatial planning system - "integrating multiple regulations" depicts a beautiful China

2024-07-17   

Beautiful China, planning comes first. In 2018, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council made reform arrangements, integrating the spatial planning responsibilities of the main functional area planning, land use planning, urban-rural planning, and marine functional zoning that were originally assigned to different departments into the Ministry of Natural Resources. It is responsible for establishing a national spatial planning system and supervising its implementation, promoting the integration of multiple plans. National spatial planning is the guide for national spatial development and the basic basis for various development, protection, and construction activities. Since the implementation of the reform, the "National Land and Space Planning Outline (2021-2035)" has been officially issued, the "Three Zones and Three Lines" achievements have been defined with high standards, the "Five Levels and Three Categories" land and space planning have been formulated and implemented, and decisive progress has been made in the construction of the land and space planning system... The new blueprint of "integrating multiple regulations" is gradually unfolding on the land of China. Create a top-level design for Yuandang Lake, located at the border of Shanghai and Jiangsu. A pedestrian bridge with the design concept of "concentric structure" spans the clear lake surface. The "dead pool" that was once neglected due to the lack of cross provincial ecological governance paths has now transformed into a "model room" for basin co governance. A bridge over the water, creating a happy feeling of clear water, green banks, and harmonious ecology for the residents of Shanghai and Jiangsu; The system is a bridge that connects the two regions to work together and overcome development constraints. Zhu Fengwu, Director of the Land and Space Planning Bureau of Jiangsu Provincial Department of Natural Resources, introduced that land is the spatial carrier of ecological civilization construction. Guided by China's first cross administrative territorial spatial master plan and the first cross provincial territorial spatial detailed plan, the Yangtze River Delta Ecological Green Integration Development Demonstration Zone has taken the lead and created a system innovation experimental field for co construction, co governance, sharing, and win-win. Before the "integration of multiple regulations" reform, governance challenges were not limited to Yuandang Lake. At that time, due to the variety of planning types and their belonging to different departments, it was easy to encounter problems such as overlapping and conflicting content, complex approval processes, and frequent changes in some local planning, which could not meet the needs of high-quality development. By establishing a unified national spatial planning system, coordinating and allocating various elements on a "single map", comprehensively improving the modernization level of the national spatial governance system and governance capacity, and accelerating the agenda. In 2022, China's first national level land and space plan that integrates multiple regulations, the "National Land and Space Planning Outline (2021-2035)", was issued, and the overall planning, detailed planning, and special planning of local levels were coordinated and promoted. As of now, except for the overall urban planning of Beijing and Shanghai, which were approved in 2017 and do not need to be submitted again, 28 provincial-level land spatial plans such as Jiangsu, Guangdong, and Chongqing have been approved by the State Council; The overall planning of land and space in cities and counties has been completed, and over 80% has been approved for implementation. The overall formation of a statutory blueprint for the development and protection of national territorial space. Building a solid safety bottom line: Currently, high-quality development is steadily advancing. On one hand, there is a severe situation of farmland protection, and on the other hand, there is a demand for land for project construction. How to use scientific planning as a guide to handle the relationship between protection and development? Open the national land spatial planning "one map", with a vast land area of over 9.6 million square kilometers and a sea area of about 3 million square kilometers with clear water and gentle waves. The functional spaces of agriculture, ecology, and urban areas are clearly divided, and the ecological protection red line, cultivated land and permanent basic farmland, and urban development boundary are clearly delineated. After the delineation of the "Three Zones and Three Lines", it is clear where to plant grain, where to use it for ecological protection, and where to carry out urban development and construction. As the core content of national spatial planning, the "Three Zones and Three Lines" have determined three spatial bottom lines to ensure national food security, ecological security, and healthy urbanization development, laying the skeleton and foundation of the entire national spatial layout. The country has designated no less than 1.865 billion mu of arable land and 1.546 billion mu of permanent basic farmland; Complete the delineation of approximately 3.04 million square kilometers of land ecological protection red lines, and preliminarily delineate approximately 150000 square kilometers of marine ecological protection red lines; The expansion ratio of urban development boundaries shall be controlled within 1.3 times based on the scale of urban construction land in 2020. Zhang Bing, Director of the National Land and Space Planning Bureau of the Ministry of Natural Resources, stated that on the basis of coordinating the delineation of three control lines: arable land and permanent basic farmland, ecological protection red lines, and urban development boundaries, the layout of functional spaces such as agriculture, ecology, and urban areas will be optimized. Coastal zone, sea area, and island development, utilization, and protection activities will be coordinated to ensure the construction of major infrastructure, protect, inherit, and shape the cultural and natural values of the country. Give full play to the strategic guidance and rigid constraint role of national spatial planning in the development and protection of national land, achieve intensive and efficient production space, livable and moderate living space, and beautiful ecological space. Activate the development momentum and plan to lead, with a clear vision. The surging momentum stimulated by the "integration of multiple regulations" reform is continuously injected into economic and social development. For the first time, the urban areas of 683 cities in China have been accurately mapped, providing an important lever for urban renewal actions. The urban area is the basic spatial unit for observing the development and evolution trend of urbanization and studying urbanization. Based on the third national land survey, in accordance with the principles of "unified data, unified standards, and unified technical processes", and by overlaying information on population, land use, property rights, industries, etc., it is possible to scientifically and accurately observe the high-quality development of cities, and coordinate spatial layout and land use arrangements. There are detailed guidelines for village planning and development, each with its own unique style. China's rural areas are vast, and some villages have idle and extensive use of resources. The Notice on Learning and Applying the Experience of the "Ten Million Project" to Improve the Quality and Effectiveness of Village Planning and Compilation proposes to combine county and township level land and spatial planning, coordinate new urbanization and comprehensive rural revitalization, optimize and refine the layout of the county town village system, clarify key development villages, and guide the moderate agglomeration and compact layout of population and industry; Coordinate and optimize the spatial layout of county-level industrial parks, public service facilities, infrastructure, etc., to form the overall advantage of livable, business friendly, and beautiful rural construction in the county. The key to planning and drawing a development blueprint lies in achieving tangible results. Yun Wenju, a researcher at the Land Consolidation Center of the Ministry of Natural Resources, stated that on the one hand, based on the integration of multiple regulations, we will achieve the integration of multiple reviews and certifications for planned land use, improve approval efficiency and regulatory service levels, deepen the reform of "streamlining administration, delegating powers, and improving services", help optimize the business environment, and continue to release reform dividends to the market. On the other hand, taking urban organic renewal and comprehensive land consolidation as the starting point, we will strengthen the deep integration of planning and land policies, optimize spatial layout according to local conditions, and make blueprints a reality. (New Society)

Edit:He Chuanning Responsible editor:Su Suiyue

Source:ECONOMIC DAILY

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