Think Tank

Research team restores the world's earliest composite ceramic tile roof

2023-05-30   

The School of Archaeology, Culture and Museum of Peking University, in cooperation with the Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology of Gansu Province, made use of more than 5000 pieces of pottery fragments from the early Longshan culture (2400-2200 BC) unearthed in a unit excavated from the Qiaocun Site in Lingtai County, Gansu Province, through the methods of morphological measurement, quantitative analysis, three-dimensional modeling, computer simulation, and reference to the "Construction Method" and archaeological discoveries in historical periods, We have reconstructed the earliest known splicing technology for composite ceramic tile roofs in the world, and demonstrated the production technology level, usage scenarios, and environmental background and socio-cultural significance of the invention and use of composite ceramic tiles in the late Neolithic Loess Plateau region. This has achieved a significant breakthrough in the tracing research of composite ceramic tiles. The relevant research results are titled "Rebuilding the earliest composite ceramic tile roof from the Loess Plateau of China" and have recently been published online in the international academic journal "Scientific Report". Tiles are an important component of human building roofs today and are widely used worldwide. In history, the invention of ceramic tile roofs greatly improved the long-term durability, waterproof and wind resistance of building roofs, reduced the maintenance cost of houses, and had a significant impact on the materials, shape, and structure of building construction. However, the origin of ceramic tiles, especially composite tiles composed of tube tiles and sheet tiles, and their tile splicing technology is currently unclear. Archaeological discoveries indicate that the earliest pottery tiles in the world appeared in the late 3000 BC Greek region (2650-2200 BC), but this type of tile is a single straight plate shape. Composite ceramic tiles composed of tube tiles and board tiles were widely used in many sites on the Loess Plateau of China, such as Qiaocun, Lushanmao, and Shimao, during the Longshan period from 2400 BC to 1800 BC. The accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating shows that the absolute age of the early composite pottery tiles unearthed from the Qiaocun site is 2400-2200 BC, which belongs to the early Longshan culture and is the earliest known composite pottery tiles in the world. In the western Eurasian continent, after the early pottery tiles of Greece, the technology of composite tiles only emerged a thousand years later in the Mycenaean civilization. Different from the Greek Roman architectural tile technology, the Loess Plateau region of China has shown a continuous development of technology, especially the composite ceramic tile technology during the Western Zhou period, which greatly developed in the Guanzhong region, the core of Zhou culture, thus forming the "Longshan Western Zhou tradition" of early Chinese ceramic tiles and further spreading to South Korea, Japan, Russia's Far East, and Southeast Asia. Therefore, the Loess Plateau region of China is the center of origin and dissemination of composite ceramic tiles, making significant contributions to the development of human architectural civilization. In order to break through the limitations of previous studies that were difficult to delve into due to the small sample size and high fragmentation of single site tiles, the research team organized researchers from multiple directions such as archaeology, architecture, cultural relic protection, and computer simulation to conduct cross research and research. The team conducted classification measurements on over 5000 specimens and accurately reconstructed the complete morphology of different types of tube tiles and board tiles using 3D modeling technology. By systematically comparing the measurement data with "Creating French Tiles" and historical archaeological materials, the research team restored

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Source:GMW.cn

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